Dialecticians and dialectics in Averroes' Long Commentary on Gamma 2 of Aristotle's Metaphysics, 2016
By: Yehuda Halper
Title Dialecticians and dialectics in Averroes' Long Commentary on Gamma 2 of Aristotle's Metaphysics
Type Article
Language English
Date 2016
Journal Arabic Sciences and Philosophy
Volume 26
Issue 1
Pages 161-184
Categories Dialectic, Aristotle, Commentary, Metaphysics
Author(s) Yehuda Halper
Publisher(s)
Translator(s)
While Averroes’ work is often considered to represent the culmination of the method of Aristotelian demonstration in Arabic philosophy, a short passage of his Long Commentary on Aristotle's Metaphysics Γ.2 emphasizes the prominence of dialectic and calls for a re-examination of dialectic and demonstration in Averroes’ philosophical works. In this passage Averroes describes dialectic as an acceptable form of philosophy and the dialectician as a kind of scientist. In putting dialectic and demonstration on an equal, or nearly equal footing, Averroes seems to go against his own account of the dialectical and demonstrative classes of people in the Decisive Treatise. Moreover, this interpretation of Metaphysics Γ.2 also contradicts Averroes’ explanation of the same passage in the Middle Commentary on the Metaphysics as well as Aristotle's own description of dialectic throughout the Metaphysics. That is, in the Long Commentary on the Metaphysics, Averroes departs from his earlier views, and describes dialectic as a necessary part of metaphysics, even though the centrality of dialectic argumentation could call into question the entire project of metaphysics and consequently of the sciences whose demonstrations rely on metaphysical ground, i.e., all sciences. Averroes does not emphasize this view, but its presence is nevertheless unambiguous.

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Revision and Standardization of Hebrew Philosophical Terminology in the Fourteenth Century. The Example of Averroes's Long Commentary on Aristotle's Metaphysics Δ, 2013
By: Yehuda Halper
Title Revision and Standardization of Hebrew Philosophical Terminology in the Fourteenth Century. The Example of Averroes's Long Commentary on Aristotle's Metaphysics Δ
Type Article
Language English
Date 2013
Journal Aleph
Volume 13
Issue 1
Pages 95-137
Categories Aristotle, Metaphysics
Author(s) Yehuda Halper
Publisher(s)
Translator(s)

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Greek, Arabic and Latin Commentators on Per Se Accidents of Being qua Being and the Place of Aristotle, Metaphysics, Book Iota, 2011
By: Laura Maria Castelli
Title Greek, Arabic and Latin Commentators on Per Se Accidents of Being qua Being and the Place of Aristotle, Metaphysics, Book Iota
Type Article
Language English
Date 2011
Journal Documenti e Studi sulla tradizione filosofica medievale
Volume 22
Pages 153–208
Categories Commentary, Metaphysics, Aristotle
Author(s) Laura Maria Castelli
Publisher(s)
Translator(s)

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Prayers to the God of Aristotle’s Metaphysics: Tefillot siyyum for chapters of Book Delta of Aristotle’s Metaphysics, 2011
By: Yehuda Halper
Title Prayers to the God of Aristotle’s Metaphysics: Tefillot siyyum for chapters of Book Delta of Aristotle’s Metaphysics
Type Article
Language English
Date 2011
Journal Zutot
Volume 8
Pages 15–29
Categories Aristotle, Commentary, Metaphysics
Author(s) Yehuda Halper
Publisher(s)
Translator(s)
In one incomplete manuscript of Aristotle’s Metaphysics with Averroes’ Long Commentary, a scribe has inserted short prayers, which seem to fit the genre of tefillot siyyum, to be read by the reader of the text upon completion of certain chapters of Book Δ of the Metaphysics. These prayers are thematically related to the content of Aristotle’s Metaphysics and Averroes’ commentary and accordingly suggest a philosophical interpretation of Judaism, God and the creation of the world that has as its centre-point metaphysics, as understood by Aristotle and his most important commentator, Averroes.

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Ibn Rušd on the Structure of Aristotle's Metaphysics, 2010
By: Rüdiger Arnzen
Title Ibn Rušd on the Structure of Aristotle's Metaphysics
Type Article
Language English
Date 2010
Journal Documenti e studi sulla tradizione filosofica medievale
Volume 21
Pages 375–410
Categories Metaphysics, Aristotle, Alexander of Aphrodisias
Author(s) Rüdiger Arnzen
Publisher(s)
Translator(s)
The structure of Aristotle's Metaphysics was a matter of dispute among ancient and Medieval Greek, Arabic, and Latin-writing commentators. The present article investigates the question in which way the Arab philosopher Averroes dealt with this problem in his so-called Epitome and his literal commentary on the Metaphysics. It tries to show that in the Epitome Averroes restructured the contents of the Metaphysics according to his own conception of this discipline, and that this conception was partly indebted to his own main sources, al-Fārābī and Ibn Sīnā, partly independent from these. Furthemore, the article examines whether and, if so, in which whay Averroes changed his mind about metaphysics as such and/or the structure of Aristotle's Metaphysics in his late literal commentary. It is argued that Averroes discarded there some of his earlier Avicennian positions in favour of a certain rapprochement to positions held by Alexander of Aphrodisias, but never gave up in general his overall conception of the Metaphysics as displayed in the Epitome.

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Generazione verticale, generazione orizzontale: il principio di sinonimia nel Commento grande di Averroè al Libro Z della Metafisica di Aristotle, 2009
By: Cristina Cerami
Title Generazione verticale, generazione orizzontale: il principio di sinonimia nel Commento grande di Averroè al Libro Z della Metafisica di Aristotle
Type Article
Language Italian
Date 2009
Journal Chôra. Revue d’Études anciennes et médiévales
Volume 7-8
Issue 2009-2010
Pages 133-62
Categories Commentary, Aristotle, Metaphysics, Avicenna
Author(s) Cristina Cerami
Publisher(s)
Translator(s)
Le but de cet article est d’analyser l’interprétation qu’Averroès propose de l’étude de la génération spontanée développée par Aristote dans le chapitre 9 du livre Z de la Métaphysique et montrer que pour Averroès le véritable enjeu de cette étude est celui de démontrer que l’agent et le produit de la génération ont une même forme. C’est cette thèse, en effet, qui d’après le Cordouan permet en dernière instance d’instaurer entre le monde céleste et le monde terrestre une causalité, pour ainsi dire, «perpendiculaire» qui sauve à la fois l’efficacité des causes secondes et celle de la cause première qui agit par l’intermédiaire des causes célestes. Ce nouveau cadre cosmologico-ontologique apparaît manifestement comme le produit d’une stratégie menée directement contre Avicenne, car le but ultime d’Averroès est de substituer sa propre théorie de l’Artisan divin à la théorie platonicienne de la création démiurgique, à laquelle il assimile la théorie avicennienne d’une donation des formes par une Intelligence cosmique.

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On the Arabic Translations of Aristotle's Metaphysics, 2005
By: Amos Bertolacci
Title On the Arabic Translations of Aristotle's Metaphysics
Type Article
Language English
Date 2005
Journal Arabic Sciences and Philosophy
Volume 15
Pages 241–275
Categories Metaphysics, Aristotle
Author(s) Amos Bertolacci
Publisher(s)
Translator(s)
The article aims at providing a comprehensive account of the process of translation of Aristotle's Metaphysics into Arabic during the Middle Ages. It consists of four sections. In the first three, the historical sources regarding the translations are taken into account. Section 1 offers a new interpretation of the available testimonia, and, on their basis, determines more precisely the original extent of the two major Arabic translations of the Metaphysics (by Usṭāṯ and Isḥāq ibn Ḥunayn). Section 2 surveys the extant translations themselves. Section 3 focuses on the translation of one of the books of the Metaphysics (A), and argues for the existence of an Arabic version of this book different from the extant one, as attested by its quotations in Avicenna and al-Shahrastānī. The fourth section, finally, reconsiders the data gathered in the previous three sections: the Arabic translations of the Metaphysics are divided into three consecutive but distinct phases (9th century; first half of 10th century; second half of the 10th century-beginning of the 11th century), and the main features of each of these phases are indicated.

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Aristotle, Averroes and Thomas Aquinas on the Nature of Essence, 2003
By: Fabrizio Amerini
Title Aristotle, Averroes and Thomas Aquinas on the Nature of Essence
Type Article
Language English
Date 2003
Journal Documenti e studi sulla tradizione filosofica medievale
Volume 14
Pages 79–122
Categories Metaphysics, Aristotle, Aquinas
Author(s) Fabrizio Amerini
Publisher(s)
Translator(s)

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Remarques sur la traduction usṭāt̵ du livre Lambda de la "Métaphysique", chapitre 6, 2003
By: M. Geoffroy
Title Remarques sur la traduction usṭāt̵ du livre Lambda de la "Métaphysique", chapitre 6
Type Article
Language French
Date 2003
Journal Recherches de théologie et philosophie médiévales
Volume 70
Issue 2
Pages 417-436
Categories Aristotle, Metaphysics, Transmission
Author(s) M. Geoffroy
Publisher(s)
Translator(s)

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The Convergence of Religious and Metaphysical Concepts: Mofet and Devequt in the Hebrew Translation of Averroës‘ Long Commentary on Aristotle’s Metaphysics, 2001
By: Yehuda Halper
Title The Convergence of Religious and Metaphysical Concepts: Mofet and Devequt in the Hebrew Translation of Averroës‘ Long Commentary on Aristotle’s Metaphysics
Type Article
Language English
Date 2001
Journal Studia Neoaristotelica
Volume 8
Issue 2
Pages 163-177
Categories Metaphysics, Aristotle, Relation between Philosophy and Theology
Author(s) Yehuda Halper
Publisher(s)
Translator(s)
Translators of Aristotle’s and Averroës’ metaphysical works into 14th C Hebrew often associated important philosophical concepts with Hebrew terms that were also used to signify central Jewish and Biblical religious concepts. Here I examine how two such terms, “mofet” and “devequt”, were used to refer to extraordinary, divine wonders and to clinging (in particular to God) respectively in the religious texts, but to Aristotelian demonstration and continuity (especially noetic continuity) respectively in the translations of Averroës’ Long Commentary on Aristotle’s Metaphysics. This kind of convergence of metaphysical and religious terms makes possible, indeed encourages, a re-interpretation of the religious concepts along Aristotelian lines. Biblical expressions of God’s wonders are thus to be interpreted to refer to Aristotelian demonstration and the mystical desire to cling to God is to refer to unifi cation with the Active Intellect.

{"_index":"bib","_type":"_doc","_id":"1776","_score":null,"_source":{"id":1776,"authors_free":[{"id":2049,"entry_id":1776,"agent_type":"person","is_normalised":1,"person_id":1500,"institution_id":null,"role":{"id":1,"role_name":"author"},"free_name":"Yehuda Halper","free_first_name":"Yehuda","free_last_name":"Halper","norm_person":{"id":1500,"first_name":"Yehuda","last_name":"Halper","full_name":"Yehuda Halper","short_ident":"","is_classical_name":0,"dnb_url":"http:\/\/d-nb.info\/gnd\/142969923","viaf_url":"http:\/\/viaf.org\/viaf\/177995327","db_url":"","from_claudius":1,"link":"bib?authors[]=Yehuda Halper"}}],"entry_title":"The Convergence of Religious and Metaphysical Concepts: Mofet and Devequt in the Hebrew Translation of Averro\u00ebs\u2018 Long Commentary on Aristotle\u2019s Metaphysics","title_transcript":"","title_translation":"","main_title":{"title":"The Convergence of Religious and Metaphysical Concepts: Mofet and Devequt in the Hebrew Translation of Averro\u00ebs\u2018 Long Commentary on Aristotle\u2019s Metaphysics"},"abstract":"Translators of Aristotle\u2019s and Averro\u00ebs\u2019 metaphysical works into 14th C Hebrew often associated important philosophical concepts with Hebrew terms that were also used to signify central Jewish and Biblical religious concepts. Here I examine how two such terms, \u201cmofet\u201d and \u201cdevequt\u201d, were used to refer to extraordinary, divine wonders and to clinging (in particular to God) respectively in the religious texts, but to Aristotelian demonstration and continuity (especially noetic continuity) respectively in the translations of Averro\u00ebs\u2019 Long Commentary on Aristotle\u2019s Metaphysics. This kind of convergence of metaphysical and religious terms makes possible, indeed encourages, a re-interpretation of the religious concepts along Aristotelian lines. Biblical expressions of God\u2019s wonders are thus to be interpreted to refer to Aristotelian demonstration and the mystical desire to cling to God is to refer to unifi cation with the Active Intellect.","btype":3,"date":"2001","language":"English","online_url":"","doi_url":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.5840\/studneoar20118213","ti_url":"","categories":[{"id":31,"category_name":"Metaphysics","link":"bib?categories[]=Metaphysics"},{"id":21,"category_name":"Aristotle","link":"bib?categories[]=Aristotle"},{"id":47,"category_name":"Relation between Philosophy and Theology","link":"bib?categories[]=Relation between Philosophy and Theology"}],"authors":[{"id":1500,"full_name":"Yehuda Halper","role":1}],"works":[],"republication_of":null,"translation_of":null,"new_edition_of":null,"book":null,"booksection":null,"article":{"id":1776,"journal_id":null,"journal_name":"Studia Neoaristotelica","volume":"8","issue":"2","pages":"163-177"}},"sort":[2001]}

Il libro Epsilon della Metafisica di Aristotele nell’Epitome di Aevrroè (1126-1198), 2017
By: Carmela Baffioni
Title Il libro Epsilon della Metafisica di Aristotele nell’Epitome di Aevrroè (1126-1198)
Type Article
Language Italian
Date 2017
Journal Bulletin de Philosophie Médiévale
Volume 59
Pages 33–56
Categories Aristotle, Metaphysics, Theology, Commentary
Author(s) Carmela Baffioni
Publisher(s)
Translator(s)
This article deals with Averroes’s interpretation of Metaph. Ε 1, where Aristotle discusses the nature and object of metaphysics, as well as its place in the hierarchy of sciences. Among Averroes’s predecessors, al-Kindī seems to see a coincidence between metaphysics and theology, since God can be described as the “first cause of everything”. However, al-Fārābī and Avicenna discovered that “first philosophy” could be conceived as an ontology distinct from theology; moreover, they considered theology to be only a part of metaphysics, not even the most important one. In the Great Commentary on Metaphysics - where the Arabic translation of the work by the Jacobite monk Usṭāth is quoted, Averroes often just paraphrases the original passages. One may infer that theology in the strict sense is merely mentioned by way of example. In the Epitome of Metaphysics, the objects of metaphysics are “general” ones; metaphysics studies the “absolute being” and cannot be identified with theology as “pertaining to God”.

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In One Sense Easy, in Another Difficult: Reverberations of the Opening of Aristotle’s Metaphysics ά έλλάτον in Medieval and Renaissance Hebrew Literature, 2020
By: Yehuda Halper
Title In One Sense Easy, in Another Difficult: Reverberations of the Opening of Aristotle’s Metaphysics ά έλλάτον in Medieval and Renaissance Hebrew Literature
Type Article
Language English
Date 2020
Journal Revue des études juives
Volume 179
Issue 1–2
Pages 133–160
Categories Aristotle, Metaphysics, Renaissance
Author(s) Yehuda Halper
Publisher(s)
Translator(s)

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La doctrina general de los trascendentales en Dietrich von Freiberg, y su filiación aristotélico-averroísta, 2019
By: Fernanda Ocampo
Title La doctrina general de los trascendentales en Dietrich von Freiberg, y su filiación aristotélico-averroísta
Type Article
Language Spanish
Date 2019
Journal Anales del Seminario de Historia de la Filosofía
Volume 36
Issue 3
Pages 659–681
Categories Aristotle, Metaphysics, Avicenna, Tradition and Reception, Latin Averroism, Thomas
Author(s) Fernanda Ocampo
Publisher(s)
Translator(s)
The Aristotelian text Metaphysics IV, 2, and the interpretations carried out by the Muslim philosophers, i.e., Avicenna and Averroes, constitute the theoretical framework in which several Latin authors of the second half of the 13th century from the University of Paris, who have taken a stance around the question of the ‘real distinction’ between esse and essentia, elaborated their doctrines about transcendentals. According to this, our work seeks to trace the dependence of Dietrich’s general doctrine of the transcendentals, with respect to the theses established by Aristotle in the mentioned text, and in particular, with regard to the Averroist reading – critical of that of Avicenna’s –, which “has made school” in the Parisian environment, especially among the teachers and students of the Faculty of Arts, but also, first, in Thomas Aquinas. Thus, in light of this scenario of readings and interpretations, we will seek to delimit the central features of the Theodorian conception of the communia, pointing out the possible differences or coincidences with respect to the doctrines of these preceding authors.

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On the Arabic Translations of Aristotle's Metaphysics, 2005
By: Amos Bertolacci
Title On the Arabic Translations of Aristotle's Metaphysics
Type Article
Language English
Date 2005
Journal Arabic Sciences and Philosophy
Volume 15
Pages 241–275
Categories Metaphysics, Aristotle
Author(s) Amos Bertolacci
Publisher(s)
Translator(s)
The article aims at providing a comprehensive account of the process of translation of Aristotle's Metaphysics into Arabic during the Middle Ages. It consists of four sections. In the first three, the historical sources regarding the translations are taken into account. Section 1 offers a new interpretation of the available testimonia, and, on their basis, determines more precisely the original extent of the two major Arabic translations of the Metaphysics (by Usṭāṯ and Isḥāq ibn Ḥunayn). Section 2 surveys the extant translations themselves. Section 3 focuses on the translation of one of the books of the Metaphysics (A), and argues for the existence of an Arabic version of this book different from the extant one, as attested by its quotations in Avicenna and al-Shahrastānī. The fourth section, finally, reconsiders the data gathered in the previous three sections: the Arabic translations of the Metaphysics are divided into three consecutive but distinct phases (9th century; first half of 10th century; second half of the 10th century-beginning of the 11th century), and the main features of each of these phases are indicated.

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Prayers to the God of Aristotle’s Metaphysics: Tefillot siyyum for chapters of Book Delta of Aristotle’s Metaphysics, 2011
By: Yehuda Halper
Title Prayers to the God of Aristotle’s Metaphysics: Tefillot siyyum for chapters of Book Delta of Aristotle’s Metaphysics
Type Article
Language English
Date 2011
Journal Zutot
Volume 8
Pages 15–29
Categories Aristotle, Commentary, Metaphysics
Author(s) Yehuda Halper
Publisher(s)
Translator(s)
In one incomplete manuscript of Aristotle’s Metaphysics with Averroes’ Long Commentary, a scribe has inserted short prayers, which seem to fit the genre of tefillot siyyum, to be read by the reader of the text upon completion of certain chapters of Book Δ of the Metaphysics. These prayers are thematically related to the content of Aristotle’s Metaphysics and Averroes’ commentary and accordingly suggest a philosophical interpretation of Judaism, God and the creation of the world that has as its centre-point metaphysics, as understood by Aristotle and his most important commentator, Averroes.

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Remarques sur la traduction usṭāt̵ du livre Lambda de la "Métaphysique", chapitre 6, 2003
By: M. Geoffroy
Title Remarques sur la traduction usṭāt̵ du livre Lambda de la "Métaphysique", chapitre 6
Type Article
Language French
Date 2003
Journal Recherches de théologie et philosophie médiévales
Volume 70
Issue 2
Pages 417-436
Categories Aristotle, Metaphysics, Transmission
Author(s) M. Geoffroy
Publisher(s)
Translator(s)

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Revision and Standardization of Hebrew Philosophical Terminology in the Fourteenth Century. The Example of Averroes's Long Commentary on Aristotle's Metaphysics Δ, 2013
By: Yehuda Halper
Title Revision and Standardization of Hebrew Philosophical Terminology in the Fourteenth Century. The Example of Averroes's Long Commentary on Aristotle's Metaphysics Δ
Type Article
Language English
Date 2013
Journal Aleph
Volume 13
Issue 1
Pages 95-137
Categories Aristotle, Metaphysics
Author(s) Yehuda Halper
Publisher(s)
Translator(s)

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Some Remarks on Averroes’ Long Commentary on the Metaphysics Book Alpha Meizon, 2017
By: Ilyas Altuner
Title Some Remarks on Averroes’ Long Commentary on the Metaphysics Book Alpha Meizon
Type Article
Language English
Date 2017
Journal Entelekya Logico-Metaphysical Review
Volume 1
Issue 1-2
Pages 5–17
Categories Aristotle, Metaphysics, Commentary
Author(s) Ilyas Altuner
Publisher(s)
Translator(s)
Averroes, considered to be the greatest Aristotelian commentator in the Middle Ages, has written three different types of commentary on almost all the works of this great philosopher: short, middle and long. These commentaries have been translated into Latin and Hebrew in the early period, and profoundly influenced both Medieval Europe and Jewish thought for centuries. The effect of Averroes in the West was to spread the whole of Europe under the name of Latin Averroism. The text what you have consists of some remarks about the translation of the commentary on the ‘Book Alpha Meizon’, the second book of Averroes’ Tafsīr Mā Ba’d at-Ṭabī’a.

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The Convergence of Religious and Metaphysical Concepts: Mofet and Devequt in the Hebrew Translation of Averroës‘ Long Commentary on Aristotle’s Metaphysics, 2001
By: Yehuda Halper
Title The Convergence of Religious and Metaphysical Concepts: Mofet and Devequt in the Hebrew Translation of Averroës‘ Long Commentary on Aristotle’s Metaphysics
Type Article
Language English
Date 2001
Journal Studia Neoaristotelica
Volume 8
Issue 2
Pages 163-177
Categories Metaphysics, Aristotle, Relation between Philosophy and Theology
Author(s) Yehuda Halper
Publisher(s)
Translator(s)
Translators of Aristotle’s and Averroës’ metaphysical works into 14th C Hebrew often associated important philosophical concepts with Hebrew terms that were also used to signify central Jewish and Biblical religious concepts. Here I examine how two such terms, “mofet” and “devequt”, were used to refer to extraordinary, divine wonders and to clinging (in particular to God) respectively in the religious texts, but to Aristotelian demonstration and continuity (especially noetic continuity) respectively in the translations of Averroës’ Long Commentary on Aristotle’s Metaphysics. This kind of convergence of metaphysical and religious terms makes possible, indeed encourages, a re-interpretation of the religious concepts along Aristotelian lines. Biblical expressions of God’s wonders are thus to be interpreted to refer to Aristotelian demonstration and the mystical desire to cling to God is to refer to unifi cation with the Active Intellect.

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Twenty-Nine Hebrew Glosses on Averroes‘ Middle Commentary on Aristotle’s Metaphysics, 2017
By: Mauro Zonta
Title Twenty-Nine Hebrew Glosses on Averroes‘ Middle Commentary on Aristotle’s Metaphysics
Type Article
Language English
Date 2017
Journal Aleph
Volume 17
Issue 2
Pages 335–353
Categories Aristotle, Metaphysics, Commentary
Author(s) Mauro Zonta
Publisher(s)
Translator(s)
Jewish engagement with Aristotle's Metaphysics in Hebrew began in the thirteenth century when the text was presented in Hebrew encyclopedias; it continued with a number of translations in the thirteenth and early fourteenth centuries. The study of Hebrew philosophical texts often resulted in supercommentaries on them. In this study I present a hitherto unnoticed work, preserved in a unique Oxford manuscript, that bears witness to the study of the Metaphysics. Consisting of twenty-nine short comments or glosses on key passages of Averroes' Middle Commentary on books Alpha minor and Beta, as well as two passages from the Middle Commentary on book Theta, it can be described as a kind of supercommentary on Averroes. The glosses as preserved in the manuscript were apparently collected by an unknown redactor from works of two or more authors, whom I try to identify. One of them may be R. Gershon, the father of Levi ben Gershon (1288–1344). An edition of the 29 glosses and, for comparison, several glosses on logic by R. Gershon, are also presented.

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